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Conceptual Framework

A visual or narrative map of the key concepts in a study and the relationships the researcher expects among them.

A conceptual framework identifies the main concepts a study involves and shows how they are assumed to relate, often as a diagram with arrows for expected influences. It is built from the literature and the researcher's own reasoning, and it is specific to the project. Where a theoretical framework applies an established theory, a conceptual framework can combine ideas from several sources into one working model.

In a thesis, the conceptual framework disciplines the whole project. It justifies which variables are measured, motivates the hypotheses, and gives the discussion chapter a structure to return to when interpreting results. Presenting it as a labeled figure near the end of the literature review helps examiners see, at a glance, exactly what the study proposes to test or explore.

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