Retraction data · updated 2026-08-23
Retracted papers published in 2016
Papers published in 2016that have since been formally withdrawn from the scientific record, computed from the CiteDash catalog. Retraction is slow: investigations take years, so this count keeps rising and today’s number is a floor, not a final verdict on 2016.
331
retracted papers from 2016 so far
9.1
per 10,000 papers published in 2016
364,884
2016 papers in the catalog
Most-cited retracted papers of 2016
Ranked by citation count: the retracted papers from 2016 that other research leaned on most, which is exactly why each retraction matters. Anything citing them inherits the problem.
- RETRACTEDScience
RETRACTED: Direct imaging discovery of a Jovian exoplanet within a triple-star system
- RETRACTEDScientific Reports
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Increased biomass productivity in green algae by tuning non-photochemical quenching
- RETRACTEDPreventing Chronic Disease
Health and Nutrition Literacy and Adherence to Treatment in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension, North Carolina, 2015
- RETRACTEDPLoS ONE
Sensitive Visual Detection of AHPND Bacteria Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with DNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Probes
- RETRACTEDScientific Reports
RETRACTED ARTICLE: HMGB1 Facilitated Macrophage Reprogramming towards a Proinflammatory M1-like Phenotype in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis Development
- RETRACTEDOncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics
MicroRNA-15a Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in CNE1 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells
- RETRACTEDBiotechnology Reports
RETRACTED: Fertilization value of municipal sewage sludge for Eucalyptus camaldulensis plants
- RETRACTEDJournal of Vibroengineering
Multiple damage detection and localization in beam-like and complex structures using co-ordinate modal assurance criterion combined with firefly and genetic algorithms
Method and scope
Figures are aggregates over the CiteDash catalog; retraction status comes from the open scholarly catalogs (OpenAlex, drawing on Crossref and Retraction Watch data). They describe this catalog, not the whole scholarly record, and the rate per 10,000 is the safer number to quote. Aggregates recompute twice a day. Cite as: CiteDash Retraction Data, citedash.ai/retractions/2016, updated 2026-08-23. CC BY 4.0.
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Retractions of 2016: FAQ
What does it mean when a paper is retracted?
The journal has formally withdrawn it from the scientific record, usually after finding fabricated data, plagiarism, unreliable results, or compromised peer review. A retracted paper should not be cited as evidence, and examiners and journals actively check reference lists for them.
Where do these numbers come from?
They are computed from the research papers indexed in the CiteDash catalog, with retraction status drawn from the open scholarly catalogs (OpenAlex, which incorporates Crossref and Retraction Watch data). They describe this catalog, not the entire scholarly record, so absolute counts will differ from databases with different coverage.
Why do recent years show fewer retractions?
Retraction is slow: investigations, institutional reviews, and journal processes routinely take years. A paper published recently has had little time to be caught, so recent years' counts keep rising for a decade or more. A small number for last year says nothing about how many of its papers will eventually be retracted.
Does a journal appearing on this page mean it is a bad journal?
No, and the reverse is also false. Large journals publish more of everything, including papers later retracted, and a high count can reflect a journal that actively investigates and cleans up its record. Equally, a journal missing from this page is not certified clean: it may simply have too few papers in our catalog to report on responsibly.
How do I check my own references for retractions?
Paste any DOI into the free retraction checker, or paste a whole reference list into the bibliography checker to screen every entry at once. Inside CiteDash, every paper is screened automatically and continuously before it can enter a bibliography.